Abstracts of Main Articles

Healthcare System in the Arctic Zone of Russia. Known and Emerging Issues and Solutions to Them

Leksin V.N.,

Dr. of Science (Economics), Chief Researcher, FRC «Computer Science and Control» RAS

Abstract. The impact on healthcare organization on the territory of Russian Arctic of unique natural and climatic, demographic, ethnic, settlement and professional factors of influencing the health of population, constantly or temporarily living on this territory is studied. The necessity is substantiated of various forms and resource provision with healthcare services such real and potential patients of Arctic medical institutions, as representatives of indigenous small peoples of the North, workers of mining and metallurgical industry, military personnel, sailors and shift workers. In this connection a correction of a number of All-Russian normative acts is proposed.

Keywords: Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, healthcare organization, territorial peculiarities, indigenous population, workers of mining and metallurgical industries, military personnel, sailors, shift workers.

DOI: 10.33983/0130-9757-2019-4-3-20

 

The Northern Sea Route as a Tool of Arctic Development

Zvorykina Ju.V.,

Doctor of Economics, Full Professor, Director General, ANO Research and Expert Analysis Institute of Vnesheconombank (Bank for Development and Foreign Economic Affairs)

Teteryatnikov K.S.,

Doctor of Economics and Management, LL.D, Counsel, ANO Research and Expert Analysis Institute of Vnesheconombank (Bank for Development and Foreign Economic Affairs), Member of the Free Economic Society of Russia Management Board, Full Member of the International Academy of Management

Abstract. The article is devoted to the analysis of the role of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) in the socio-economic development of the Arctic zone of Russia. The authors believe that climate change, gradually leading to the melting of polar ice, opens up new opportunities for the development of Arctic resources and navigation in the seas of the Arctic Ocean. Of particular interest to the NSR are non-Arctic countries, critically dependent on the supply of foreign mineral and carbon resources, as well as on the export of their goods to Europe. Among them, China stands out, considering the NSR as the Arctic Blue Economic Corridor as part of the global Silk Road system. The NSR is intended to become an essential tool for further development of the Arctic zone of Russia. Development of port infrastructure and creation of a modern ocean and maritime fleet will accelerate the pace of socio-economic development of this strategically important region. To do this, it is necessary to adopt a federal law on special system of preferences for investors, including foreign ones, implementing their projects in the Arctic. Among such preferences there are preferential profit tax rates, reduction in Mineral Extraction Tax (MET) rates, a declarative procedure for VAT refunds, a simplified procedure for granting land plots and unchanged conditions for the implementation of investment projects. In addition, it is important to make the NSR safe and profitable both in terms of quality of service and of price for the shippers. In particular, the payment for icebreakers’ escort of vessels should be competitive and reasonable. The largest Russian private and state-owned companies should be involved into Arctic projects. It is important to synchronize the Arctic oil and gas projects with nuclear and LNG icebreakers’ construction, as well as with the launch of two logistics hubs in Murmansk and Kamchatka. In this case, year-round NSR navigation will be organized, which will ensure the high competitiveness of Russian products supplied to the Asian Pacific markets.

Keywords: climate change, the Northern Sea Route, the Arctic zone of Russia, new Arctic Strategy of Russia, «blue economy».

DOI: 10.33983/0130-9757-2019-4-21-44

 

Credit Restriction or Economic Growth?

Sokolova E.Y.,

PhD, Economics, Leading Researcher, Center for Monetary Policy and Financial Markets, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow,

Tanasova A.S.,

PhD, Economics, Deputy Head, Center for Monetary Policy and Financial Markets, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow

Abstract. At the end of 2018 — the very beginning of 2019 Russia faced negative consequences of the economic measures that took place in 2018, such as the retirement age rising, tightening sanctions against Russia, VAT rising which caused increased inflation expectations of people. The Bank of Russia increased the key rate in response. All these measures lead to decrease of domestic demand, and not stimulate economic growth. The article examines the possibility of using the monetary policy method of credit restriction to fulfil the presidential act to stimulate economic growth.

Keywords: monetary policy, credit restriction, key rate, credit, mortgage, interest rate, inflation, inflation expectations, consumer price index, economic growth, gross national product.

DOI: 10.33983/0130-9757-2019-4-45-54

 

De-dollarization Process in the EAEU Member States as an Element of the Monetary Policy

Ivanova K.S.,

Analyst at the Strategic Projects Department, Rosneft Oil Company

Abstract. Economic integration in the EEU region naturally captures the area of cooperation in the monetary sphere, which is a more high-level stage of integration in its classical understanding. The imbalances in macroeconomic development and a number of problems in the monetary systems of the EEU member-countries are an obstacle to the intensification of cooperation in the monetary sphere.

One of the significant problems, common to all the EEU member-states is the dollarization of their economies, which imposes restrictions on the ability of monetary bodies to regulate macroeconomic processes in the country. Replacing national currencies in settlements, payments and savings with «hard currencies» reduces the efficiency of transmission channels, worsens volatility indicators of national currencies and strengthens the spiral of formation of negative expectations regarding inflation levels. An increase in the debt load denominated in foreign currency, in particular for individuals, creates additional risks to the monetary systems of countries.

This article is devoted to the study of the problems of dollarization of the economies of the EEU member-states, of the required de-dollarization measures, as well as to the analysis of the prospects for the de-dollarization process spreading at the regional grouping level.

Keywords: de-dollarization, economic integration in the EEU, exchange rate policy, monetary policy.

DOI: 10.33983/0130-9757-2019-4-70-81

 

Ideology and Science (based on the discussion in CEMI RAS)

Makarov V.L.,

Academician of RAS, Doctor of Physics and Mathematics, Scientific Leader, Central Economical Mathematical Institute RAS,

Grebennikov V.G.,

Doctor of Economics, Chief Researcher, Central Economical Mathematical Institute RAS,

Dementyev V.E.,

Corresponding Member of RAS, Doctor of Economics, Head of Scientific Direction, Central Economical Mathematical Institute RAS,

Ustyuzhanina E.V.,

Doctor of Economics, Head of the Department of Economics, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Chief Researcher, Central Economical Mathematical Institute RAS

Abstract. The debating society “Makarov’s tea party” chaired by the academician V.L. Makarov met on the 18th April 2019 in the Central Economic Mathematical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in order to discuss the interrelationship between ideology and science. The society raised such issues as opposition and interpenetration of science and ideology; ideology and the genetic code of a nation; ideology and manipulation of conscience; numbers and facts as tools of ideological intervention. Here we present the most interesting points of the discussion. The authors of the reports: Makarov Valery, Doctor of Phys.-math., member of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Dementiev Victor, Doctor of Economics, Corr. RAS; Grebennikov Valery, Doctor of Economics; Ustyuzhanina Elena, Doctor of Economics.

Keywords: ideology, science, mental models, national idea, genetic code, culture, normative society.

DOI: 10.33983/0130-9757-2019-4-55-68

 

Time, Events, People in the System of Vital Coordinates of Nikolai Ryzhkov

(to the publication of the 10-volume collection of scientific and journalistic works by N.I. Ryzhkov released by «Economicheskaya Gazeta PH» in the year of his 90th anniversary)

Yakutin Yu.V.,

Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Scientific Director of JSC «Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta Publishing House»

Abstract. The article deals with the socio-economic and ideological orientations of scientific and journalistic works of N.I. Ryzhkov, united in the author’s 10-volume edition under the general title «In the fields of historical memory. Time. Events. People». Particular attention is paid to the reflections of the former Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR on the ways, programs, methods, forms and methods of restructuring the socio-political and socio-economic life of the Country of the Soviets. Emphasizes the importance and relevance of reflection N.I. Ryzhkov about the historical mission of Russia, the multifaceted appearance of its national idea, the exploits of Russia on the fields of its combat, labor, scientific and intellectual glory. On the red line is estimated the scientific component of the collected and analyzed N.I. Ryzhkov extensive statistical data on the economic support of the USSR’s victory over Nazi Germany. The variants of Russian answers to the civilizational challenges of the XXI century facing the Russian Federation are compared with the established public discourse proposed by N.I. Ryzhkov.

Keywords: perestroika, new economic models, social orientation of reforms, economic factors of the USSR’s victory in the Great Patriotic war and lend-lease, national idea and civilizational values of Russia, Spitak earthquake, thorny path of Russian civilization, connection of times and future of Russia.

DOI: 10.33983/0130-9757-2019-4-83-116

 

Approaches to Neo-Marxist Synthesis in Political Economy [regarding the monograph by V.T. Ryazanov, «Modern Political Economy: Prospects for Neo-Marxist Synthesis»]

Kulkov V.M.,

ScD (Economics), Professor at the Department of Political Economy, Faculty of Economics, Lomonosov Moscow State University

Abstract. The article is a review of a new monograph by the famous Russian theoretician-economist V.T. Ryazanov, «Modern Political Economy: Prospects for Neo-Marxist Synthesis». The focus is on the possibilities and content of neo-Marxist synthesis in political economy. Its new subject field, reflecting major changes in modern capitalism, is revealed. The scientific potential of classical political economy and the accumulated theoretical developments of heterodox schools that oppose the mainstream in modern economic theory are also shown. All this taken together makes it possible to lay the foundations of neo-Marxist synthesis as a new version of Marxist political economy. The review reveals specific theoretical, methodological and concrete economic problems studied in the monograph, and some critical remarks are made. According to the reviewer, this monograph can be an important step in contributing to the full revival of political economy in the public, scientific and educational space.

Keywords: political economy, Marxist political economy, modern political economy, economic theory, models of theoretical knowledge, scientific synthesis, neo-Marxist synthesis in political economy, general and special in the economy, modern capitalism, alternative development paths.

DOI: 10.33983/0130-9757-2019-4-118-126

 

Amendments to No. 3 of the Russian Economic Journal for 2019